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How To Tell ABS Sensor And Speed Sensor Bad ? Analysis OF Common Automobile Faults

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Some common automotive operating systems, such as speed sensor ABS braking anti-lock system, this article mainly explains the importance of the two systems in the automotive system, and shares several symptoms to distinguish the speed sensor and ABS system failure. antilock brake system (ABS). The function is to automatically control the size of the brake force when the car is braking, so that the wheel is not locked, and it is in a state of side-rolling slip (slip rate is about 20%) to ensure that the adhesion between the wheel and the ground is at the maximum value. The wheel speed sensor, also known as the wheel speed sensor, is usually used to detect the wheel rotation speed of the car, and can transmit the speed signal to the ECU, so that the car can respond to the corresponding action.

I.Wheel Speed Sensor

1.1 What Is A Wheel Speed Sensor

The wheel speed sensor is an important sensor device, which is used to monitor the wheel speed in the process of vehicle driving. It is an integral part of the automotive electronic system, for the mention
Safety and driving experience play a crucial role. As a kind of sensor, the wheel speed sensor can sense the rotation of the wheel and pass this information to the central processing unit of the vehicle. By analyzing the change of wheel speed, the central processor can monitor the running state of the vehicle in real time, so as to make corresponding adjustment and control. For the driver, this means more accurate control and higher driving safety

1.2 The Working Principle OF Wheel Speed Sensor

The wheel speed sensor is installed on each wheel of the vehicle, it is completely sealed in a stainless steel housing, relative to the sensor and the connection wire, the key requirements are to be resistant to high temperature, corrosion resistance, shock vibration resistance, maintenance time usually do not need to take out the sensor. The sensor key is composed of a rotor with convex teeth, a permanent magnet, and the key is divided into two parts, namely the sensor head and the tooth ring. The sensor head is a static component, and the key is composed of a permanent magnet, an electromagnetic coil and a magnetic pole. Sensor heads generally have two types of shapes: rectangular magnetic poles and cylindrical magnetic poles. These two types of magnetic heads have the obvious advantages of high temperature resistance, shock vibration resistance and high safety. During installation, there is usually a gap of about 1mm between the magnetic pole of the sensor head and the tooth ring. The gear ring is usually mounted on the wheel hub or rear axle, and it can rotate with the rotation of the wheel or transmission device.
When the wheel speed sensor is working, it can detect and feedback the motion state of the vehicle at any time. When the wheel rotates, a sudden voltage signal will be formed in the wheel speed sensor, and the frequency is proportional to the wheel speed. The higher the wheel speed, the higher the frequency of the sensor to form a sudden signal. After receiving the sudden signal and sensing its frequency, the ECU can calculate the wheel's running speed, acceleration and deceleration at any time. Wheel slip rate and other information; When the vehicle is braking, the wheel deceleration or slip rate exceeds or is lower than the limit value, the ECU will output a control signal to adjust the brake pressure at any time, so that it can be better improved, so as to prevent the vehicle wheel brake lock, so that the vehicle brake system is always in the best operating condition.

1.3 Application Field OF Wheel Wpeed Wensor

The application range of wheel speed sensor is very wide. In addition to its use in ordinary passenger cars, it is also widely used in commercial vehicles, engineering vehicles and racing cars. In commercial vehicles and engineering vehicles, wheel speed sensors can help drivers better grasp the running state of the vehicle, improve driving safety and work efficiency, and in the field of racing, wheel speed sensors are indispensable equipment, it can help the team to better grasp the performance and control of the car, improve competitiveness.

II.Several Ways To Determine Whether The Wheel Speed Sensor Is Bad

The failure of the wheel speed sensor will not only lead to a certain deviation of the speed display on the instrument, but also cause the idling of the engine to be unstable and the acceleration performance to decline. Secondly, when the vehicle slows down or stops during driving, it is easy to stop instantly, and may even turn off the engine directly, which directly affects driving safety to a certain extent. Generally speaking, the damage of the wheel speed sensor is more serious, so when the wheel speed sensor fails, it must be repaired or replaced in time.The following ten common speed sensor failure causes
  1. Oxygen sensor: When the oxygen sensor fails, the ECU cannot obtain this information, and it does not know whether the amount of gasoline injected is correct, and the inappropriate oil-gas-air-fuel ratio will lead to the reduction of engine power and increase emissions pollution;
  2. wheel speed sensor: it is mainly to collect the speed of the car to determine whether the car has signs of skid, so there is a special sensor to collect the wheel speed of the car to complete the job, generally installed on the hub of each wheel, and once the sensor is damaged, ABS will fail;
  3. water temperature sensor: when the water temperature sensor fails, the temperature signal is often displayed when the cold car starts or when the hot car starts, the ECU can not get the correct signal, and can only supply the thinner mixture of the engine, so the engine cold car is not easy to start, and it will also be accompanied by the problem of unstable idle operation and insufficient acceleration power;
  4. electronic accelerator pedal position sensor: When the sensor fails, the ECU can not measure the accelerator position signal, can not obtain the correct position of the accelerator door pedal, so there will be a phenomenon of engine acceleration weakness, and even the engine can not accelerate;
  5. the intake pressure sensor: As the name suggests, the intake pressure sensor is with the different speed load of the engine, the induction of a series of resistance and pressure changes, converted into voltage signals, for the ECU to correct the injection amount and ignition timing Angle. Generally installed on the throttle valve, if the fault will cause ignition difficulties, idle instability, acceleration and other problems.
There are a few simple tricks to determine for yourself whether the wheel speed sensor is faulty
  1. Check whether the sensor head is dirty;
  2. Detect whether the gap between the sensing head and the gear ring is too large or too small or whether it is crooked or whether it meets the regulations;
  3. Detect tooth ring defects;
  4. Check whether the resistance value of the electromagnetic coil meets the standard, short circuit or short circuit
If the wheel speed sensor is broken, it can be turned on, but we'd better open it at a slower speed to the nearest auto repair shop for repair and replacement. After all, the failure of the wheel speed sensor will directly affect the driving safety system (such as ESP, ABS, etc.). The car, resulting in a decline in car stability. At this time, if you drive hard, there will naturally be a great security risk. Therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary losses, be careful when driving.

III. ABS System

What Is ABS System

ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) is a vehicle safety system designed to prevent a wheel from locking up during braking. Locking refers to the situation where the wheel stops rotating during emergency braking and loses friction with the ground, resulting in the loss of handling of the vehicle and possible sidesaddle or skidding.
The ABS system controls the operation of the braking system by monitoring the rotation speed of the wheel and real-time braking pressure to keep the wheel rotating and provide maximum braking effect. When the system detects that the wheel is about to lock up, it adjusts the brake pressure to keep the wheel in rotation, providing better handling and braking.
The ABS system can greatly reduce the risk of vehicle loss of control during emergency braking and shorten the braking distance. It can also help the driver maintain control of the vehicle, avoid sidesliding and skidding, and improve driving safety. ABS has become a common safety equipment in modern cars, which plays an important role in improving the safety of drivers and passengers.
On ordinary asphalt pavement, especially in the case of wet road, ABS can significantly improve the braking action of the vehicle and shorten the braking distance. On soft roads, such as sand and snow, ABS will significantly increase the braking distance. Because in this case, the locked wheel will compress the road surface and form a bump, which will sink into the mound, and the vehicle using ABS can easily cross and reduce such a bump. This makes the ABS equipped vehicle easier to handle in the field or snow. ABS can strengthen the maneuverability of the vehicle in a variety of circumstances, and the general driver can still bypass obstacles during the sudden braking process, which is almost impossible without ABS, so that driving safety can be greatly improved. However, in most international racing events, such as the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race, in order to test the true driving ability of the racer, most of the cars used are not allowed to use ABS.

IV. A Few Tips To Solve The Problem OF ABS Failure Lights

As a vehicle safety device, the vehicle lock system must fully consider the driving surface and the overspeed protection device of the vehicle. This car can run successfully. During braking, the braking range can be minimized, thus reducing the possibility of a traffic accident and allowing the driver of the vehicle to force control of the device before a collision. Solutions to this problem include:
  • If the ABS lock system fails, the detection point must be reset first to ensure that the detection plug is not lost. Check and detect potential hazards in a timely manner.
  • After the pre-test is completed, the state of the brake fluid, brake fluctuation, and each contact (including the wire, power line, base, etc.) is tested, and the corresponding maintenance plan is formulated accordingly to solve the problem of oil leakage in time and restore the deep aging.
  • To ensure proper operation of the Antilock braking system, the vehicle's relays, joints and engine operations are fully operational. Make ABS work reliably all the time. Pay attention to the use of measurement test methods to improve the detection of vehicle performance and maintenance. The lock brake failure system checks the indicator light elsewhere, and if the indicator light is not on and the wheel cannot stop quickly, the tire speed must be tested. In order to effectively eliminate these hidden dangers, the error type must be determined according to the test results. ABS process is normal, car leaves.
  • If the taillight is on properly, you can drive normally. After the test steps are specified at the detection level, the indicator light changes should be carefully monitored. The brake cannot be disconnected immediately), indicating that the ABS system is faulty. It is necessary to thoroughly inspect and maintain the brake pedal, the most damaged location of the brake disc, and start the vehicle after maintenance to check for faults. Resolved to ensure proper speed control when braking and to avoid road accidents due to rear collisions. Find the displayed code, find out the cause of the fault, and combined with the detection system of the vehicle, you can use the active detection method to detect the displayed fault code, you can determine the cause of the fault. The brake pedal is unstable. - Brake). In extreme cases, the restoration of automatic operation requires timely adjustment, and to achieve braking and timely braking operation, the entire ABS system must be replaced.
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