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What Is Coaxial Cable, The Basic Working Principle Of Coaxial Cable And The Introduction Of Application Areas

What Is Coaxial Cable, The Basic Working Principle Of Coaxial Cable And The Introduction Of Application Areas

September 07 , 2023 0

Coaxial Cable (Coaxial Cable) is a wire and signal transmission line, generally caused by four layers of material: the innermost is a conductive copper wire, the line outside a layer of plastic (as an insulator, dielectric use) surrounded by a layer of insulation and a thin layer of mesh outside the insulator conductive (generally copper or alloy), and then conductive outside the outermost insulating material as a sheath.Coaxial cable can be used for the transmission of analog and digital signals for a variety of applications, the most important of which are cable television transmission, long-distance telephone transmission, short-distance connection between computer systems and local area networks. Coaxial cables are developing rapidly as a means of distributing television signals to millions of homes, which is cable television. A cable TV system can be loaded with dozens or even hundreds of TV channels, and its transmission range can reach tens of kilometers. Coaxial cable has long been an important part of long-distance telephone networks. Today it faces increasing competition from fiber optics, terrestrial microwave and satellite

Coaxial Cable Constructon

Coaxial cable products have an external conductive shielding layer, and other material layers can be used on the outside of the coaxial cable to improve environmental performance, EM shielding capability and flexibility. Coaxial cables can be made from braided conductor stranded wires, which, combined with clever layering, makes the cable highly flexible and reconfigurable, both lightweight and durable. As long as the cylindrical conductors of a coaxial cable remain concentric, bending and flexing will have little or no effect on the performance of the cable. For this reason, coaxial cables are typically attached to coaxial connectors using a screw-type mechanism. A torque wrench is used for tightness control.

How Coaxial Cable Works

Coaxial cables have a number of important frequency-dependent characteristics that define their application potential - skinning depth and cutoff frequency. Skinning depth describes the phenomenon that occurs with higher frequency signals propagating along a coaxial line. The higher the frequency, the more electrons tend to move toward the conductor surface of the coax. The skinning effect leads to increased attenuation and dielectric heating, resulting in greater resistive losses along the coaxial line. In order to reduce the losses caused by the skin effect, larger diameter coaxial cables can be used. Obviously, increasing the performance of the coaxial cable is a more attractive solution, but increasing the size of the coaxial cable will reduce the maximum frequency that the coaxial cable can transmit. The coaxial cable cutoff frequency occurs when the wavelength size of the EM energy exceeds the Transverse Electromagnetic (TEM) mode and begins to "bounce" along the coaxial line into the Transverse Electro 11 mode (TE11). This new frequency mode poses a number of problems. Because the new frequency mode propagates at a different speed than the TEM mode, it can reflect and interfere with TEM mode signals traveling through the coaxial cable. To solve this problem, the size of the coaxial cable should be reduced and the cutoff frequency should be increased. Coaxial cables and coaxial connectors are now available up to millimeter-wave frequencies - 1.85mm and 1mm coaxial connectors. It is important to note that adapting to higher frequencies by reducing the physical size will result in increased losses in the coaxial cable and reduced power handling capability. Another challenge that will be faced in the manufacture of these very small components is the tight control of mechanical tolerances to minimize the occurrence of significant electrical defects and impedance variations along the line. This would be costly to achieve for relatively sensitive cables.

Coaxial Cable Development History

The development of coaxial cable is mainly divided into four generations: the first generation is the middle of the 19th century began to use polyethylene materials as a solid core insulation medium; the second generation is the use of chemical foaming PE materials as an insulation medium; the third generation is the root core longitudinal hole PE materials as an insulation medium; the fourth generation is the use of physical foaming PE materials as an insulation medium. Coaxial cable according to the structure can be divided into: leakage coaxial cable, multi-core coaxial cable, fine diameter coaxial cable, composite coaxial cable.
The coaxial cable industry has undergone a series of changes since its development. As the global electronics industry reached its peak in 2000, the coaxial cable market, as part of the electronics industry, also reached its historical peak. In the following three years, as the global economic growth rate entered a trough, the coaxial cable industry also entered a downturn with the shrinkage of downstream demand, until the second half of 2003 to show signs of recovery. From 2004 onwards, the global coaxial cable industry entered a new round of growth. With the expanding coverage of mobile communication signals, the number of base stations expanding, as well as transportation, energy, medical and other fields of mobile signal requirements continue to improve, the global RF coaxial cable industry market development prospects remain promising.