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Chip encyclopedia knowledge | What is a biochip? What are its uses?

Chip encyclopedia knowledge | What is a biochip? What are its uses?

January 02 , 2024 0

Speaking of chips, we must first think of the common electronic chips used in mobile phones and computers, other kinds of chips because they are not common, so they will be relatively unfamiliar, today to give you science is a relatively unpopular biochip.
Although it is still far away from our daily life, it can be expected that in the future, biochips will appear in all aspects of people's lives as the technology matures, just like today's computer chips. So, what is a biochip? What exactly is it used for?

What Is A Biochip?

Simply put, a biochip is a biological sample placed on a glass sheet, silicon sheet, nylon film and other materials, and then an instrument collects signals and uses a computer to analyze the data results. It may be tempting to associate biochips with electronic chips. In fact, they do have one basic thing in common: a huge amount of data at a tiny size. But they are two completely different things, an electronic chip is arranged on a semiconductor electronic unit and a biological chip is arranged on a biological probe molecule.

The Use OF Biochips

In various fields such as pharmaceutical design, environmental protection and agriculture, gene chips have many uses and become a tool for mankind to benefit itself. Biochips will be irreplaceable platforms in the future, and they are only in the early stages.
DNA chips are mainly used for nucleic acid detection, detection of DNA, RNA, small RNA, etc. Small molecule chips are more special, are some small chemicals, such as antibiotics, pesticides, etc., which are very important in food safety, because its molecules are very small, but they do not belong to proteins, so they are divided according to the detection object. "Yang Weiping introduced.
Because the classification of chips is divided according to the detection object, there are many different types. "Protein chips are placed on the detection template of proteins, such as antibodies, antigens, enzymes and other proteins, and there is a protein to detect the object is also called protein chips.
In addition, biochips will be placed on different materials according to different needs, but at present, the largest use of biochips Z is still in disease detection. Yang Hongbo also said that at present, biochips in agriculture such as seed conversion, genetic modification, breeding and other fields have great prospects for development, similarly, in the field of public health, food safety testing has great potential for development.

Classification OF Biochips

The classification of biochips mainly includes action mode classification and component classification, two types:
Action mode classification:
(1) Active chip: It refers to the integration of multiple experimental steps such as sample processing purification, reaction labeling, and detection in biological experiments, which can be actively completed through a one-step reaction. It is characterized by fast and easy operation, so some people call it functional biochips, mainly microflow chips and microchip laboratories (also known as "chip Lab", is a high level of biochip technology).
2) Passive chip: that is, a variety of microarray chips, refers to the integration of multiple experiments in biological experiments, but the operation steps are unchanged. It is characterized by a high degree of parallelism, and most current chips fall into this category. Because this chip mainly obtains a large number of biological macromolecule information, and finally carries out data control analysis through bovine informatics, this chip is also known as information biochip, including gene chip, protein chip, cell chip and tissue chip
Category of components:
1) Gene chip: also known as deoxyribonucleic acid chip or deoxyribonucleic acid microarray, it is made by fixing CDNA or carboxylic acid on a microcarrier in a microarray manner.
(2) Protein chip: It is obtained by fixing some non-nucleic acid active substances such as proteins or antigens on the microcarrier in a microarray manner. The probe on the chip is composed of a protein or a chip, and its target is a protein collectively known as a protein chip
(3) Cell chip: It is a specific way to fix the cells on the carrier, used to detect the interaction between cells.
(4) Tissue chip: Tissue slices are fixed on the carrier in a specific way to study the differences in the composition of the tissue, such as immunohistochemistry.
(5) Others: such as lab-on-a-chip, microchips used to separate and detect biological matter.