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Identify Electronic Components,What Are The Electronic Components Categories

Identify Electronic Components,What Are The Electronic Components Categories

December 22 , 2023 0

Electronic components classification, electronic components how many. Electronic components are usually used in various fields, mechanized equipment, automotive parts, common and uncommon mechanical parts are likely to use electronic components. This article mainly focuses on the most common ten categories of electronic components

Resistor Related Introduction

As workers in the electronics industry, we don't know what the resistance is. No doubt it matters. It has been said that "resistance is the most used component in all electronic circuits." "Resistance, because the material has a hindering effect on the current, is called a resistive material under this action. Resistance causes a change in electron flux. The smaller the resistance, the greater the flux of electrons, and vice versa. Substances with no resistance or very small resistance are called conductors, referred to as conductors. Substances that cannot form current transmission are called electrical insulators, referred to as insulators.

In physics, resistance (resistance) is used to express the magnitude of the resistance of a conductor to an electric current. The greater the resistance of the conductor, the greater the resistance of the conductor to the current. The resistance of different conductors is usually different, and the resistance is a property of the conductor itself. The resistance unit is an energy-consuming unit that impedes the flow of water.

The resistance value of the resistance element is generally related to temperature. The physical quantity that measures the effect of temperature is the temperature coefficient, which is defined as the percentage change in the resistance value with a temperature increase of 1 ° C.

The resistor is represented by "R" plus the number in the circuit. For example, R1 represents a resistor numbered 1. The main functions of the resistance in the circuit are shunt, current limit, partial voltage, offset and so on.

1. Parameter identification: The resistance unit is ohms, the multiplier unit is: kilohm (k), megohm (m), etc., conversion method is: 1 megohm =1000 kilohm =1000 kilohm resistance parameter annotation method has direct annotation method, color annotation method and digital annotation method three. a. Digital marking method is mainly used in small volume circuits such as patches, such as 472 means 47*100omega (4.7K), 104 means 100kb, color ring marking method is the most widely used method. Here are some examples: four-color ring resistors, five-color ring resistors (precision resistors).

2, the relationship between the color position of the resistance and the magnification is shown in the following table: the allowable deviation of the effective digital magnification of the color (& lt; rubbish GT; -rrb; Silver /x0.01±10 Gold /x0.1±5 Black 0+0/ brown 1x 10±1 Red 2x100±2 Orange 3x1000/ yellow 4x 10000/ Green 5x10000/ Blue 0.5±6 x100000±0.2 Purple 7x100000±0.1 Gray 8x10000000/ White 9×1000000000/.

Introduction To Capacitors

Capacitance (or capacitance, capacitance) is the amount of charge stored at a given potential difference; The international unit is Farah (F). In general, electric charges move in an electric field under the action of a force. When there is a medium between conductors, it impedes the movement of charge and causes charge to accumulate on the conductor; The most common example of cumulative charge storage is two parallel metal plates. This is also known as a capacitor.

1. Capacitors are usually represented by a "C" in the circuit plus a number (e.g. C13 for a capacitor numbered 13). A capacitor is a component consisting of two metal films in close proximity to each other, separated by an insulating material. The main feature of capacitors is that they are separated from DC and AC. Capacitive capacity is the amount of energy that can be stored. The obstruction of the capacitor to the AC signal is called capacitive reactance, which is related to the frequency and capacitance of the AC signal. Capacitive reactance XC=1/2πFC (f for AC signal frequency, C for capacitance capacity) Types of capacitors commonly used in telephones are electrolytic capacitors, ceramic capacitors, chip capacitors, single chip capacitors, tantalum capacitors, and polyester capacitors. For more information, visit: Transmission and Distribution Equipment Networks.

2. Identification method: The identification method of capacitance is basically the same as that of resistance, and there are three types: direct marking method, color marking method and digital standard method. The basic unit (F) of the pull capacitance, other units are: millifarad (mF), microfarad (uF), nanofarad (nF) and picofarad (pF).

Among them: 1 farad =103 mm method =106 mm method =109 nm method =1012 pico-method capacitor directly marks the capacitor capacity value of large capacity, such as a capacitor with a small capacity of 10uF/16V, its capacity value is represented by letters or numbers on the capacitor: 1 m =1000uf1p2=1.2pf1n=1000pF Number TAL: Generally expressed in three digits, the first two digits represent significant digits, and the third digit represents the third digit. It's multiplication. For example, 102 means 10*102pf=1000pf224 means 22*104pf=0.22uf3, and the capacitance error table symbol fgjklm allows an error < 1% + 2% + 5% + 10% + 15% + 20%. For example, 104J indicates a capacity of 0.1uf with an error of less than 5%.

Introduction To Crystal Diodes

Semiconductor terminal devices in solid-state electronic devices. The main characteristic of these devices is that they have nonlinear current and voltage characteristics. Since then, with the development of semiconductor materials and process technology, a variety of crystal diodes with diverse structures and different functional uses have been developed using different semiconductor materials, doping distributions and geometric structures. Manufacturing materials include germanium, silicon and compound semiconductors. Crystal diodes can be used to generate, control, receive, transform, amplify signals and convert energy.

A crystal diode is usually represented in a circuit as a "D" plus a number, for example: D5 is used for a diode numbered 5.

1, function: the main characteristic of the diode is one-way conduction, that is, under the action of forward voltage, the on-resistance is very small, and under the action of reverse voltage, the on-resistance is maximum or infinite. Because of the above characteristics, diodes are often used in cordless telephone rectifier, isolation, voltage regulation, polarity protection, code control, frequency modulation noise reduction and other circuits. The crystal diodes used in telephones can be divided into rectifier diodes (such as 1N4004), isolation diodes (such as 1N4148), Schottky diodes (such as BAT85), light emitting diodes, Zener diodes, etc.

2, identification method: the identification of the diode is very simple, N pole (negative) small power diode, the diode surface is mostly marked with colored circles, some diodes also use diode special symbols to represent the P pole (positive) or N pole (negative), symbol polarity is also used to determine the polarity of the diode through "P" and "N". The positive and negative poles of the LED can be identified by the length of the pin, with the long leg being positive and the short leg being negative.

3. Test notes: When measuring the diode with a digital multimeter, the positive electrode of the red pen connected to the diode and the negative electrode of the black pen connected to the diode are the positive on-resistance of the diode, which is the opposite of the pen connection method of the pointer multimeter.

4, the commonly used 1n 4000 series diode voltage comparison is as follows: Model 1n 4001 1n 4002 1n 4003 1n 4004 1n 4005 1n 4006 1n 4007 Pressure (v) 50 100 200 400 600 1000 current (a) is 1.

Introduction OF Voltage Regulator Diodes

A Zener diode (also known as a Zener diode), this diode is a semiconductor device with high resistance up to a critical reverse breakdown voltage. Zener diodes are often represented by "ZD" plus numbers in circuits, such as: ZD5 indicates the number of Zener.

1. Zener diode voltage regulation principle: The characteristics of Zener diode is that after breakdown, the voltage at both ends of the Zener diode is basically unchanged. In this way, when the regulator is connected to the circuit, if the voltage of the power supply fluctuates, or other reasons cause the voltage at each point in the circuit to change, the voltage at both ends of the load will remain basically unchanged.

2. Fault characteristics: The failure of Zener diode is mainly manifested in open circuit, short circuit and unstable voltage regulation value. Among these three faults, the former one indicates that the power supply voltage rises; The latter two failures indicate that the power supply is low to zero volts or the output is unstable. Commonly used Zener diode types and voltage regulation values are as follows: Model 1N4728 1N4729 1N4730 1N4732 1N4733 1N4734 1N4744 1N4750 1N4751 1N4761 Adjustment value 3.3V 3.6V 3.9V 4.7V 5.6V 5.6V 6.2V 15V 27V 30V 75V.

Introduction OF Inductance

Inductance: When the coil passes through an electric current, a magnetic field is induced in the coil, and the induced magnetic field produces an induced current to resist the current passing through the coil. We call the interaction between the current and the coil inductance, or inductance, in Henry (h). It can also be used to make inductors.

Inductance is usually represented in a circuit by "l" plus a number, for example: l6 represents an inductance numbered 6. Induction coils are made by winding insulated wires around an insulating skeleton. Dc can pass through the coil, the DC resistance is the resistance of the wire itself, the voltage drop is very small; When the AC signal passes through the coil, the coil ends will generate a self-induced electromotive force. The direction of the self-induced electromotive force is opposite to the direction of the applied voltage, which prevents the passage of the exchange. Therefore, the inductor is characterized by a DC impedance. The higher the frequency, the greater the coil impedance. The inductance can form an oscillating circuit with the capacitance in the circuit. Inductance is generally direct marking method and color marking method, and color marking method is similar to resistance. For example, brown, black, gold, and gold indicate inductance of 1uh (error 5& lt; Unk& GT; -rrb.

The basic unit of inductance is: constant (H) conversion unit: 1H=103mH=106uH.

Introduction OF Varactor Diodes

Varactor diode, also known as "variable reactance diode". It is a diode composed of a PN junction capacitor (barrier capacitor) and its reverse bias Vr.

A tube varactance diode is a special type of diode designed according to the principle that the junction capacitance of the "PN junction" inside an ordinary diode changes with the change of the applied reverse voltage. Varactor-diodes are mainly used in high-

frequency modulation circuits of mobile phones or fixed-line phones in cordless phones, where low-frequency signals are modulated to high-frequency signals for transmission. In the operating state, the modulation voltage of the varator diode is usually applied to the negative electrode, so that the internal junction capacitance of the varator diode changes with the modulation voltage. The fault of the varactor diode is mainly manifested as leakage or poor performance: (1) When leakage occurs, the high-frequency modulation circuit does not work or the modulation performance deteriorates. (2) When the varactor performance deteriorates, the operation of the high-frequency modulation circuit is unstable, and the modulated high-frequency signal is sent to the other party and received by the other party to produce distortion. When one of the above situations occurs, the same type of varactor diode should be replaced.

Knowledge OF Transistor

A transistor is one of the basic components of a semiconductor. It has the function of current amplification and is the core component of electronic circuit. A triode is made of two PN junctions very close to each other on a semiconductor substrate. The two PN junctions divide the bulk semiconductor into three parts, the middle part is the base region, and the two sides are the emitter region and the collector region, arranged as PNP and NPN.

A crystal transistor is often represented in a circuit by "q" plus a number, for example: q17 refers to a transistor numbered 17.

1. Characteristics: The Crystal Transistor (referred to as transistor) is a special device that contains two PN junctions and has the ability to amplify. It is divided into two types: NPN and PNP. The two types of transistors can complement each other in terms of operating characteristics. The pair transistors in the so-called OTL circuit are used through PnP type and NPN type pairs. PNP transistors commonly used in telephones are: A92, 9015 and so on, and NPN transistors are A42, 9014, 9018, 9013, 9012 and so on.

2. The crystal transistor is mainly used to amplify the circuit, and the general circuit has three connections. For comparison purposes, the following table lists the characteristics of three transistor connected circuits for your reference. Common emitter circuit Common collector circuit (emitter output) Common base circuit input impedance (hundreds of ohms to thousands of ohms) large (tens of thousands of ohms) small (several ohms to tens of ohms) Output impedance (thousands of ohms to tens of ohms kilo ohms) small (tens of thousands of ohms) Large voltage magnification (less than 1 and close to 1) Large current magnification (tens of thousands of) small (less than 1 and close to 1) High power Magnification (about 30 dB to 40 dB), small (about 10 dB) to medium frequency characteristics (about 15 dB to 20 dB), high frequency difference, good continuity of the instrument, application of multistage amplification intermediate stage, high frequency or broadband circuit and constant current source circuit for low frequency amplification input stage, output stage or impedance matching.

Introduction To Field Effect Tubes

The field effect transistor (FET) is abbreviated as FET. The conductor involves most conduction, also known as a unipolar transistor. It is a voltage-controlled semiconductor device. It has high input resistance (108~109Ω), low noise, low power consumption, large dynamic range, easy integration, no secondary breakdown, wide safe working area and so on. It has become a powerful bipolar transistor and power transistor. A competitor.

1. Field effector has the advantages of high input impedance and low noise, and has been widely used in various electronic devices. In particular, when the field effect transistor is used as the input stage of the entire electronic device, the performance of the ordinary transistor is difficult to achieve.

2, the field effect tube is divided into two categories: junction type and insulated door type, and its control principle is the same. As shown in Figure 1-1-1, two symbols: 3, comparison of FET and transistor (1) FET is a voltage control element, and transistor is a current control element. When the signal source allows only a small amount of current, the field effect tube should be selected. Transistors should be used when the signal current is low and allows more current to be drawn from the signal source.

(2) A field-effect transistor (FET) is called a unipolar device because it uses the most carriers to conduct electricity, whereas a transistor has both a majority and a minority of carriers to conduct electricity. This is called a bipolar device.

(3) The source and drain of some fets can be used interchangeably, and the gate voltage can also be positive and negative, which is more flexible than the transistor.

(4) FETs can operate under extremely low current and extremely low voltage conditions, and their manufacturing process can easily integrate multiple FETs on a silicon chip, so the FETs are in large-scale integrated circuits. It has been widely used.

Sensor Knowledge

A sensor is a physical device or biological organ that detects and senses external signals, physical conditions (such as light, heat, humidity), or chemical composition (such as smoke), and transmits the detected information to other devices or organs.

The definition of a sensor in the national standard gb 7665-87 is: "A device or device that can sense a specified measured part and convert it into a usable signal according to certain rules, usually consisting of a sensitive element and a conversion element." Meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control. This is the first step towards automatic detection and control.

In the new Webster dictionary, "sensor" is defined as "a device that receives power from one system and typically sends power in another form to a device in a second system." According to this definition, the function of the sensor is to convert one form of energy into another form of energy, so many scholars also refer to the sensor as a sensor.

Transformer Science Popularization

A transformer is a device that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to change the AC voltage. The main components are a primary coil, a secondary coil and an iron core (magnetic core). In electrical equipment and wireless circuits, it is often used to boost voltage, match impedance, and secure isolation.

In a generator, a potential can be induced in the coil whether it is moved through a magnetic field or through a stationary coil through a magnetic field. In both cases, the value of the magnetic flux is constant, but the amount of magnetic flux intersecting the coil is variable, which is the principle of mutual inductance. A transformer is a device that uses electromagnetic mutual inductance to convert voltage, current and impedance. The functions of the transformer mainly include: voltage conversion; Current conversion, impedance conversion; Isolate; Voltage regulation (magnetic saturation transformer).