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Water Level Indicator,Introduction To The Science Of Battery Water Level Indicator

Water Level Indicator,Introduction To The Science Of Battery Water Level Indicator

September 04 , 2023 0

Water level indicator is used in various fields, about the water level indicator you have to know how much it, this article will be from a number of aspects of the detailed explanation of the water level indicator on the popularity of science and applications

What Is Water Level Indicator?

Water level indicators use a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the level of water in an elevated tank or any other water container.

Sensing is accomplished by using a set of 9 probes that are placed at 9 different heights on the tank wall (from probe #9 to probe #1 in increasing order of height, with the common probe (i.e., the one that carries the supply) being placed at the bottom of the tank). Level 8 represents the "tank full" condition, while level 0 represents the "tank empty" condition.
When the water level is below the minimum detectable level (MDL), the seven-segment display is arranged to show the number 0, indicating that the tank is empty, and when the water level reaches level 1 (but below level 2), the connection between the probes gets completed (via the conductive medium - water) and the voltage at the base of the transistor increases.
This causes the base-emitter junction of the transistor to get positively biased, which switches the transistor from cutoff to conduction mode, and hence the PIN (B7) of the microcontroller is pulled to ground, and hence the corresponding digit shown on the seven-segment display is 1.
A similar mechanism applies to all other levels of detection. When the tank is full, all input pins to the microcontroller go low. This causes the display to show 8, while a buzzer sounds in this case, thus indicating a "tank full" condition.
Most water level indicators are only equipped to indicate and detect a single water level. The water level indicator realized here can indicate up to nine such levels and the microcontroller displays the water level number on a seven-segment display.
Thus, the circuit not only alerts that the tank has been filled to a certain level, but also indicates that the water level has dropped below the lowest detectable level. This circuit is very important in appliances such as water coolers where there is a danger of the motor burning out when no water is used up in the radiator, and it can also be used for fuel level indication.
In this project we have shown the water level indicator using eight transistors which conduct when the water level rises and also added a buzzer which is automatically activated when the water level becomes full with the help of microcontroller automatically. With the help of this project we are not only displaying the water level on a seven segment display but we are also using a buzzer to indicate the full state of the water.sensor

Water Level Indicator Project Circuit Features:

Easy to install.

Low maintenance.

Compact and elegant design.

Automatic water level controller ensures that there is no overflow or dry running of the pump, thus saving electricity and water.

Avoids water seepage through roofs and walls due to overflowing water tanks.

Full automation saves labor.

Consumes very little energy and is ideal for continuous operation.

Automatic water level controller gives you the flexibility to determine your own water level for pump set operation.

Clearly shows the water level in the elevated tank.

Block Diagram Of Water Level Indicator Project:

How To Design A Water Level Indicator Project Using AVR Microcontroller?

A constant 5v power supply was provided to the microcontroller and the rest of the circuit was supplied by a battery.

There are 9 conductive type sensors embedded in the water tank (other types of sensors have been mentioned earlier but only conductive type is used in our project), 8 wires of the 9 sensors are connected to the transistor and the 9th wire is connected to the 5v+ supply.

The transistors act as inverters (i.e., they output low voltage in the conducting state and high voltage in the non-conducting state), and the outputs of all the transistors are connected to PORTB of the microcontroller.

The seven segment display is connected to PORTD. it is connected in common cathode mode.

The output of the 7th level is not only displayed on the seven-segment display but also indicated by a discontinuous buzzer sound.

The output of the 8th level (i.e., when the tank is full) is not only displayed on the 7-segment display, but also indicated by a continuous buzzer sound.

How Does The Water Level Indicator Project Circuit Work?

The operation of this project is very simple and can be easily understood. There are 3 main conditions in our "Water Level Indicator" project:
No water in the source tank.
Intermediate water level, i.e. any of the levels 3 to 7.
Sufficient water in the source tank.
So, let's discuss these 3 conditions further
Condition 1: There is no water
When the water tank is empty, there is no conductive path between any of the 8 indicator probes and the common probe (connected to the 5v+ supply), so there is not enough bias voltage in the base emitter region of the transistor, so it stays in cutoff and the output on the collector will be Vc about 4.2v.
Since in this case the microcontroller is being used in the active low level region (which means it considers 0-2 volts to be high and 3-5 volts to be low), the output of the transistor is now about 4.2 volts, which will be considered low by the microcontroller, so the microcontroller gives the seven-segment display a default value of 0, indicating that the tank is empty.
Condition 2: Intermediate Level
Now as the water starts to fill the tank, a conductive path is established between the sensing probe and the common probe and the corresponding transistors get biased enough at their bases that they start to conduct and the output will now be Vce (i.e., 1.2v-1.8v), approximately to the microcontroller.
Here the microcontroller is programmed as a priority encoder that detects the highest priority input and displays the corresponding water level on a seven segment display.
In this project, when the water level reaches the 7th level, which is the last level, with the seven-segment display, a discontinuous buzzer is activated to warn the user that the tank is about to be full.
Condition 3: Water Full
When the tank is full, the top probe gains a conductive path through the water and the corresponding transistor starts to conduct and its output is given to the microcontroller, which not only displays the water level in the seven-segment display, but also activates a continuous buzzer so that the user can learn that the tank is full and can turn off the motor and conserve water.

Water Level Indicator Project Application:

Automatic water level controller can be used in hotels, factories, family apartments, commercial complexes, drainage etc. it can be fixed to single phase motors, single phase submersibles, 3 phase motors. (For 3Æ and single phase submersibles are necessary) and open wells, bore wells and sump pits. We can control two motors and two catch basins and two elevated tanks from a single unit.
An automatic water level controller will automatically start the pump set when the water level falls below a predetermined level (usually 1/2 tank) and shut off the pump set when the tanks are full.
Fuel level indicators in vehicles.
Level indicators in huge containers in the company.