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What Is The Difference Between Active And Passive Components

What Is The Difference Between Active And Passive Components

August 31 , 2023 0

Simply put, a device that requires an energy (electrical) source is called an active device, and a device that does not require an energy (electrical) source is a passive device. Active devices are generally used for signal amplification, conversion, etc. Passive devices are used for signal transmission or "signal amplification" through directionality. Capacitive, resistive, inductive are passive devices, IC, modules, etc. are active devices. (In common parlance, active components, such as transistors, require power to display their characteristics. Without power supply can show its characteristics is called passive components)

Simple Definition of Passive Devices

If an electronic component operates without any form of power supply within it, the device is called a passive device. In terms of circuit nature, passive devices have two basic characteristics:

(1) They either consume electrical energy themselves or convert electrical energy into different forms of other energy.

(2) Requires only an input signal and does not require an external power supply to function properly.

Basic Definition of Active Devices

If an electronic component operates with the presence of a power source inside it, the device is called an active device.

In terms of circuit nature, active devices have two basic characteristics:

(1) It consumes power itself.

(2) In addition to the input signal, there must be an external power supply to work properly.

It can be seen, active devices and passive devices on the circuit of the working conditions of the requirements, the way of work is completely different, which must be very careful in the learning process of electronic technology.

Common Passive Electronic Devices

Circuit Devices

(1) diode
(2) resistor (resistor)
(3) resistor row (resistor network)
(4) capacitor (capacitor)
(5) inductors (inducer)
(6) transformer (transformer)
(7) relay (relay)
(8) key (key)
(9) buzzer, horn (speaker)
(10) switch (switch)

Connection Devices

(1) Connector
(2) Socket (shoket)
(3) Connection cable (line)
(4) Printed circuit board (pcb)

Common Active Electronic Devices

Discrete Devices

(1) bipolar crystal transistor (bipolar transistor), generally referred to as transistor
(2) field effect transistor (field effecTIve transistor)
(3) thyristor (thyristor), also known as thyristor
(4) Semiconductor resistors and capacitors - resistors and capacitors made with integrated technology and used in integrated circuits.

Analog Integrated Circuit Devices

Analog integrated circuit devices are integrated circuit devices used to process analog voltage or current signals that vary continuously over time.

Basic analog integrated circuit devices generally include:

(1) integrated operational amplifiers (operaTIon amplifier), referred to as integrated operational amplifiers

(2) comparator (comparator)

(3) logarithmic and exponential amplifiers

(4) analog multiplier / divider (mulTIplier / divider)

(5) analog switch circuit (analog switch)

(6) pll circuits (phase lock loop), i.e., phase-locked loop circuits

(7) integrated voltage regulator (voltage regulator)

(8) reference power supply (reference source)

(9) waveform generator (wave-form generator)

(10) power amplifier (power amplifier)

Digital integrated Circuit Devices

(1) basic logic gate (logic gate circuit)
(2) flip-flop (flip-flop)
(3) register (register)
(4) decoder (decoder)
(5) data comparator (comparator)
(6) driver (driver)
(7) counter (counter)
(8) plastic circuits
(9) programmable logic device (pld)
(10) microprocessor (mpu)
(11) microcontroller (mcu)
(12) dsp device (digital signal processor, dsp)

Passive components are mainly resistive, inductive and capacitive components, which share the common characteristic of working in circuits with signals without adding power.

Resistance

The property of a conductor whereby the internal resistance of the conductor impedes the flow of current when current passes through it is known as resistance. The component that acts as a current barrier in a circuit is called a resistor, or simply resistor. The main use of resistors is to step down, divide voltage or current, and in some special circuits as load, feedback, coupling, isolation, etc. The symbol for resistor in a circuit diagram is the letter R. The standard unit of resistance is R. The resistor is called R.
Resistors in the circuit diagram for the symbol of the letter R. The standard unit of resistance is the ohm, recorded as R. Commonly used and kilo-ohm KΩ, megohm MΩ.
IKΩ=1000Ω 1MΩ=1000KΩ

Capacitor

Capacitor is also one of the most common components in electronic circuits, it is a component that stores electrical energy. A capacitor consists of two conductors of the same size and quality with a layer of insulating medium between them. When a voltage is applied to its ends, a charge is stored on the capacitor. Once there is no voltage, it discharges electrical energy again as long as there is a closed circuit. A capacitor prevents DC from passing in a circuit and allows AC to pass, and the higher the frequency of AC, the greater the ability to pass. Therefore, capacitors are commonly used in circuits for coupling, bypass filtering, feedback, timing and oscillation.

The letter code for capacitor is C. The unit of capacitance is farad (F), and there are commonly used μF (microfarad) and PF (i.e., μμF, micro microfarad).

1F = 1,000,000 μF 1 μF = 1,000,000 PF

Capacitors exhibit nonlinear properties in circuits. The impedance to current is called capacitive reactance. Capacitive resistance is inversely proportional to the capacitance and the frequency of the signal

Inductors

An inductor, like a capacitor, is an energy storage component. Inductors are generally made of coils of wire. When an alternating current voltage is applied to the ends of the coils, an induced electromotive force is generated in the coils, which prevents the current through the coils from changing. This hindrance is called inductive reactance. Reactance is proportional to the inductance and the frequency of the signal. It does not impede the DC current (not counting the DC resistance of the coil). Therefore, the role of inductance in electronic circuits are: current blocking, transformer, coupling and with capacitors used as tuning, filtering, frequency selection, frequency division.

Inductance in the circuit code for L. Inductance unit is Henry (recorded as H), commonly used millihenry (mH), microhenry (μH).

1H=1000mH 1mH=1000μH

Inductors are typically components of electromagnetic induction and conversion, the most common application being transformers.

Electron Tube

Electron tubes are also known as vacuum tubes, so they are also known as electro-vacuum devices.

Whether the tube is bipolar or multipolar, it has an anode and cathode, the cathode in the role of the applied power supply, the emission of electrons to the anode flow. The applied power can be added directly to the cathode, or added to another heating filament. It is because of the existence of this external power supply, and collectively referred to as active devices.

Electron tube is the earliest active electronic components, diode, triode and multi-polar tube. With the development of electronic technology, electron tube because of its large size, heavy weight, power consumption and other shortcomings, and has given way to transistors and integrated circuits. However, in many occasions, the tube continues to function without relying on the presence of an external power supply (DC or AC) can independently show its external characteristics of the device is a passive device. In addition to active devices.

The so-called "external characteristics" is to describe the device of a certain relationship between the quantity, although the use of voltage or current, electric or magnetic field pressure or speed and other quantities to describe the relationship.

The external properties of passive devices have nothing to do with whether they exist as a source of actuation or not.

The concept of passive versus active is not only found in electrical components, but also in mechanical, fluid, thermal, and acoustic fields.