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Why Would You Choose A Material With A Low Melting Point For A Fuse?

Why Would You Choose A Material With A Low Melting Point For A Fuse?

September 04 , 2023 0

Fuses are used to protect electrical equipment from overheating from an overcurrent, thus preventing serious injuries caused by internal malfunctions in electronic equipment. So what are fuses made of? How does it work? What is the structural composition? Why choose a low melting point material as a fuse?

What Are The Fuses Made Of?

Fuse must be easy to melt metal wire, in order to melt in time when the current is high, play a protective role, so usually use lead antimony alloy wire. Fuse material is mainly made of aluminum antimony alloy and other low melting point alloys. Aluminum-magnesium alloy aluminum plate is the main element of aluminum, and then mixed with a small amount of magnesium or other metal materials to strengthen its hardness. Aluminum alloy with Mg as the main added element is also known as rust-resistant aluminum alloy due to its good corrosion resistance.

Because it is a metal itself, its thermal conductivity and strength are especially outstanding. Aluminum magnesium alloy aluminum plate is firm and lightweight, low density, better heat dissipation, strong pressure resistance, can fully meet the 3C products highly integrated, thin, light, miniaturized, anti-drop and electromagnetic shielding and heat dissipation requirements. Its hardness is several times the traditional plastic case, but the weight is only one-third of the latter.

Structural Components of Fuses.

General fuse consists of three parts:
(1) the fuse part: it is the core of the fuse, when the fuse plays a role in cutting off the current, the same class, the same specification fuse fuse, the material should be the same, the same geometric dimensions, the resistance value as small as possible and to be consistent, the most important thing is that the melting characteristics to be consistent, commonly used in household fuses are made of lead-antimony alloy.
(2) electrode part: usually two, it is an important part of the fuse and circuit connection, it must have good electrical conductivity, should not produce obvious installation contact resistance.
(3) bracket part: the fuse is generally slim and soft, the role of the bracket is to fix the melt and make the three parts of the rigid whole for easy installation, use, it must have good mechanical strength, insulation, heat resistance and flame retardant, should not produce fracture, deformation, combustion and short-circuit and other phenomena in use.

How Fuses Work

When the current passes through the conductor, because the conductor exists a certain resistance, so the conductor will heat up, the material and shape of the fuse is determined, its resistance is also determined, when the current flows through it, it will heat up, with the increase of time the amount of heat will increase, the current and the size of the resistance determines the speed of the heat generated, the structure of the fuse and its installation determines the speed of the heat dissipation, if the speed of heat generation is less than the speed of heat dissipation, the fuse will not blow. If the rate of heat generation is less than the rate of heat dissipation, the fuse will not blow.

If the speed of heat generation is equal to the speed of heat dissipation, it will not blow for a long time. If the speed of heat generation is greater than the speed of heat disappearance, the heat generated will be more and more, and the increase in heat will cause the temperature to rise, and when the temperature rises above the melting point of the fuse, the fuse will blow.

There is a fuse burned out, need to manually replace the new fuse, is a one-time consumables; and leakage protector when the load has a leakage or overcurrent back to the same phenomenon can automatically cut off the power supply, when the failure to answer in addition to the power can be artificially closed again without the need to replace the fuse, belonging to the reusable devices.

The Material Used For Fuse Has Low Melting Point

in the first place
The main role of the fuse is to protect the current when the fuse in a timely manner, to protect the role of electronic components, the use of low melting point of materials such as lead wire, because of its low melting point to fuse more timely!